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Performer: Joni Mitchell Print-ready version

by Patricia Romanowski
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Booklet
May 1997

Joni Mitchell's induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is an event worthy of both celebration and reflection, a chance to finally dismiss some conventaional wisdon about this unconventional artist and to acknowledge her unparalleld influence as a singer, songwriter, musician, poet, and producer.

I doubt I'm alone in relishing the sweet poetic justice in honoring the woman Rolling Stone crassly dubbed "Old Lady of the Year" over two decades ago as one of the preeminent artists of this century.

This induction fortuitously coincides with a renewed interest in Mitchell's past work and her latest in a long line of artistic triumphs.

In her first masterful, luminous works of the Nineties - the acclaimed Night Ride Home (1991) and the Grammy-winning Turbulent Indigo (1994) - Mitchell brings a lifetime's personal and musical experience to artistic fruition.

"Night Ride Home," "Come In From the Cold," "Nothing Can Be Done," "Two Grey Rooms," "Turbulent Indigo," and "The Sire of Sorrow (Job's Sad Song)" stand with her best. Whether Mitchell hits or misses, she invariably keeps her promise.

She dares, she learns, she grows, no matter what the price.

In doing so, she preserves our faith that those values the very best rock & roll embraces and inspires - vision, honesty, integrity, innovation, courage, and eloquence - will not only endure but prevail.

Roberta Joan Anderson was born in Fort McLeod, Alberta, Canada, and grew up an only child in the small prairie town of Saskatoon. From early childhood, she painted, wrote poetry and composed what she called "little melodies I heard in my head."

At age nine she contracted polio.

Years later she vividly recalled fighting the terror of paralysis by defiantly screaming out Christmas carols in the polio ward.

The disease also shaped her music: A residual weakness in her left hand prompted her to experiment with open guitar tunings, now a hallmark of her unique guitar style.

(And because her repertoire now includes over fifty such tunings, Mitchell recently began working withe the Roland VG-8, a computerized guitar that has eliminated the practical problems of retuning and given her new sonic territory to chart.)

Although she loved to dance to rock & roll as a teenager, she was soon swept up in the more cerebral waters of the early-Sixties folk music wave, teaching herself to play ukelele and guitar.

After a year of art school, she moved to Toronto, home to a burgeoning folk scene. There she married folksinger Chuck Mitchell and began performing and writing her own material.

By 1967, the couple had divorced, and Mitchell, living in New York, became a familiar voice on the East Coast folk circuit.

The release of her all-acoustic debut album, Joni Mitchell, in March 1968 coincided with a growing interest in her songs among other performers.

"The Circle Game" was recorded by Tom Rush, Buffy sainte-Marie and Ian and Sylvia, among others; and "Both Sides Now" became a Top Ten hit for Judy Collins in 1968.

Later, in 1970, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young's version of her "Woodstock" became their biggest single.

Mitchell came into her own, commercially and musically, with 1969's Clouds and 1970's Ladies of the Canyon.

Here she chronicled both her presumably personal experiences ("I Don't Know Where I Stand," "Conversation," "Willy") and the Zeitgeist of her times ("Chelsea Morning," "Morning Morgantown," "Woodstock," "Big Yellow Taxi") in a clear, vibrant folk-rock style. On some of the lesser-known tracks ("That Song About the Midway," "Rainy Night House," "The Priest"), however, you hear her bending folk-rock convention, stripping away the frills and refining the romantic outsider perspective that would inform her later work. Blue (1971), her emotionally raw, riveting paean to romantic longing ("All I Want," "Blue," "River"), is one of the best albums in her oeuvre and one of the best in rock. Uncomfortable with pop stardom, Mitchell completed For the Roses (1972) with retirement beckoning, a fact that may account for its incisive take on the music business and fame ("For the Roses"), piercing introspection ("Lesson in Survival") and the literally made-for-radio "You Turn Me On, I'm a Radio."

At this point, with her stature as a singer/songwriter assured, she might have never emerged from her Canadian wilderness home and gone down in history with a brief, brilliant five-album career.

Instead, she continued, and these albums proved merely the first leg of a remarkable musical journey.

Court and Spark (1974), on which Mitchell first fronted a band, is a dazzling blend of her increasingly lean, sophisticated songs ("Just Like This Train") and the jazz-tinged "weird chords" (her description) that define her style.

The most commercially successful album of her career, Court and Spark is also remarkable for the many ways in which Mitchell defied public expectations (with, for example, the spirited rocker "Raised on Robbery," the intricatedly tinged "Car on a Hill"). It's easy to forget what a dramatic departure - what a risk - this was.

Never again would she bridge so vast a stylistic chasm between albums.

From this point, every release (excluding 1979's Mingus and two live albums in 1974 and 1980) would follow a complex but clear progression.

Viewed in this light, Mitchell's subsequent - and less "popular work - is anything but mysterious.

The Hissing of Summer Lawns (1975), Hejira (1976) and Don Juan's Reckless Daughter (1977) represent some of Mitchell's most exciting, fully realized music.

Reviewing the initial critical response to this triad nearly two decades hence, it's difficult to understand why these albums - and Mitchell - incurred such wrath.

The Hissing of Summer Lawns, glistening with Court and Spark-style jazz pop, contained just two "experiments": the Burundi-drum-dominated "Jungle Line" and the haunting synthesizer piece "Shadows and Light."

Thematically, the ground was familiar Mitchell turf: the title track embellishing the theme first explored in Ladies of the Canyon's "The Arrangement"; "The Boho Dance" revisiting "For the Roses" and Ladies' "For Free."

The joyous "In France They Kiss on Main Street"could have been a hit single. Yet rather than judge songs like "Edith and the Kingpin," "Shades of Scarlett Conquering" and "Harry's House/Centerpiece" on their own merits, some listeners felt jilted, as if her shift in perspective from first person to third person was some betrayal of the singer/songwriter-listener bond.

In its groundbreaking sound, Hejira deftly framed Blue-period introspective revelation against subtle, almost unworldly jazz-washed tones.

Partially because she composed Hejira's songs on guitar while traveling the country, its open, panaramic sound - infused with Jaco Pastorius's prominent, liquid bass lines - evokes shifting landscapes, the hum of engines, a restless wistfulness.

"Coyote," "Amelia" and "Refuge of the Roads" show Mitchell the songwriter tilting brilliant and elaborate metaphors to reveal multiple facets, shaping every note to reflect, magnify and illuminate her words.

The double-album Don Juan's Reckless Daughter is more notable for Mitchell's pioneering - and then greatly misunderstood - forays into world music. It met resistance, despite such ambitious, wonderful songs as "Talk to Me" and "Dreamland."

Mitchell's collaboration with jazz bassist Charles Mingus, begun, at his behest, shortly before his death, produced Mingus, the album Mitchell has said left her "without a country." Still, it went Top Twenty, a powerful testament to her fans' faith in her vision.

Ironically, the Eighties - when many acclaimed and commercially successful artists clearly exhibited or explicitly cited the influence of Mitchell's Seventies work - was for her, a time of transition, with Wild Things Run Fast (1982), Dog Eat Dog (1985), and Chalk Mark in a Rainstorm (1988).

None of these albums reflects a single theme or style, yet each shows Mitchell warming up again, seeking a new balance between self-revelation ("Chinese Cafe/Unchained Melody") and biting social commentary ("Tax Free," "Ethiopia"), classically structured songs ("My Secret Place") and bold new sounds ("The Reoccurring Dream," "Dancin' Clown").

Over these three decades, Mitchell's accomplishments are obvious, but in following her unconventional path, she continues to distinguish herself in other, even more important ways.

She has traversed a wider musical spectrum than all but a few popular composer-performers.

And even though that journey has brought her both pop success and wounding rejection, she courageously, unfailingly forges ahead.

It's easy to imagine a lesser artist strip-mining her most popular work, recycling old diamonds until the reverse alchemy of greed and security turns them to coal. Instead, Mitchell bravely dreamed and created even rarer gems glowing with her passion, crystallized in her perfection and craft.

This is why even the albums dismissed by critics in their time still sold hundreds of thousands of copies, why they are so often cited as influential by other great artists and why they still shine, command our attention and inspire us.

For her music, for her fierce dedication to her art and for the shining example she sets for anyone who dares commit words to paper, song to tape, brush to canvas, we thank Joni Mitchell and welcome her to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

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Added to Library on September 30, 2007. (2533)

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